In this work, the influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and machinability of AISI H13 tool steel was investigated for the as-received (AR), water-quenched (Q), quenched and single-tempered (QST) and quenched and double-tempered (QDT) conditions. The machining tests were carried out through turning method at various cutting speeds. The results indicated that heat treatment conditions and the cutting speed affected the surface roughness of samples. However, cutting forces were not affected by steel microstructure and cutting speed except to those of water-quenched samples.
tool steel heat treatment pdf download
Cold-work tool steels include the high-carbon, high-chromium steels or group D steels. These steels are designated as group D steels and consist of D2, D3, D4, D5, and D7 steels. These steels contain 1.5 to 2.35% of carbon and 12% of chromium. Except type D3 steel, all the other group D steels include 1% Mo and are air hardened. Type D3 steel is oil-quenched; though small sections can be gas quenched after austenitization using vacuum. As a result, tools made with type D3 steel tends to be brittle during hardening. Type D2 steel is the most commonly used steel among the group D steels.
D2 steels should be preheated very slowly to 815ºC (1500ºF) and then temperature can be increased to 1010ºC (1850ºF). They are then held at 1010ºC (1850ºF) for 20 to 45 minutes and air cooled (air quenched).
These tool steels, such as O1 and D2, have been with us for the best part of a century and have been the foundation of the tool making industry. However, with greater demands being placed on tooling, toolmakers should also look at alternatives in the Special High Performance Tool Steel range.View Products OR Download PDF (3.5mb).
Strength in the bar (140,000 psi minimum tensile strength and 125,0000 psi minimum yield strength). Eliminates heat treating in many part applications. Made by various combinations of mechanical working and thermal treatment which may involve LaSalle e.t.d. process.
The Iron and Steel tool provides two different methods for calculating CO2 emissions. One method requires data on the quantities of reducing agents and blast furnace additives used, as well as the quantities of the carbonate fluxes introduced into the furnace. The alternative method requires data on the amount of iron or steel produced, as well as of the carbonate fluxes. The emissions calculation from either method can be adjusted to account for the export of carbon-bearing byproducts. 2ff7e9595c
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